Dogs and cats
Cats and dogs often like to bite things at home, and occasionally poisoning occurs due to accidental ingestion, or owners are unfamiliar with the harmfulness of certain drugs or foods to dogs and cats, and become poisoned through abuse.
1. Eating chocolate by mistake
Dogs will be poisoned if they eat chocolate because of the methylxanthines (caffeine and caffeine) contained in chocolate. It can cause interruption of blood vessels, accelerated heartbeat, and nerve stimulation. Excessive consumption can cause poisoning.
A poisoning mechanism is: the methylxanthines contained in chocolate will inhibit phosphodiesterase (phosphodiesterase), resulting in the release of catecholamines, which will competitively inhibit adenosine. Deaminase (adenosene receptors), and reduce intracellular calcium (myocyte intracellular calcium), thus forming a very important link in the neuromuscular system, cardiovascular system, and core nervous system.
The minimum lethal dose of poisoning is 100-200mg of caffeine or caffeine per kilogram of body weight. And different types of chocolate have different concentrations. For a dog weighing one kilogram, poisoning will occur if he eats 0.5 ounces (14g) of baking chocolate or 2 ounces (56g) of milk chocolate.
Symptoms: If you are really poisoned, the symptoms may include: vomiting and diarrhea 2-4 hours after eating, anxiety and hyperactivity, drinking too much and urinating too much, and may appear later. Muscles are stiff, breathing is accelerated, heartbeat is accelerated, blood pressure is low, and in severe cases, there is a tendency to faint, weakness and coma. Death can occur 12-36 hours after eating.
Adjustment: If cramps do not occur, you can induce vomiting. Before vomiting or other symptoms occur, you may wish to do gastric lavage and take activated carbon 0.5g/kg, once every three hours for 72 hours. Or give laxatives to enhance chocolate elimination. Others are mainly symptomatic. It usually takes about 12--36 hours for the poisoning symptoms to disappear.
2. Eating onions by mistake
Raw or cooked onions contain disulfide, which is harmless to the human body, but can cause oxidative damage to the red blood cells of dogs and cats, or cause hemolytic anemia in dogs and cats.
Toxic dose: 1.2 small pieces of onions per week are enough to damage the function of red blood cells and reduce oxygen delivery, thus failing to provide enough oxygen for the body.
Symptoms of poisoning: decreased body weight, fatigue, laziness, frequent wheezing, low morale, rapid pulse, and weakness.
Adjustment is mainly symptomatic therapy.
3. Ingestion of desiccant by mistake
(1) The colorless and transparent one is made of silica gel (silica gel), which is non-toxic and does not require any adjustment.
(2) White powder or granules, which are CaO (calcium oxide) or CaCl2 (calcium chloride).
CaO is corrosive. Fill the pet with water and then send it to the hospital for examination. If the pain in the mouth, throat or gastrointestinal tract is severe within 24 hours, a gastroscopy evaluation can be performed. CaCl2 is only irritating and does not need to be adjusted after watering.
4. Accidental ingestion of cleaning agents
Most of the cleaning solutions that can be touched by hand at home are neutral, weak acid or weak alkali, which may cause harmful substances. Corrosive low-phosphorus anionic surfactants or cationic surfactants are relatively rare. Generally, after watering treatment, it only needs to be observed for 6-8 hours, and there is no serious problem. There is no need for gastric lavage and activated charcoal administration. If there are other circumstances, supportive therapy will be given.
1. Accidental consumption of bath and toilet cleaners
At this time, most of them contain strong acid and alkali substances. Adjust the treatment by irrigation, and do not need gastric lavage or activated carbon. , let alone induce vomiting, so as not to cause double damage to the esophagus. For emergency admissions, gastroscopy can be performed within 24 hours after eating. If there is mild damage such as redness and swelling, the patient can be discharged after the symptoms subside. If an ulcer occurs, you need to be hospitalized for examination to prevent complications such as esophageal rupture and gastric rupture. A gastroscopy is required after one to two weeks to evaluate the need to adjust the narrow esophagus.
2. Accidental consumption of bleach (sodium hypochlorite)
The pH of bleach is 9-12. It can produce harmful substances. Pay attention to the corrosive effects and chemical pneumonitis, and use supportive therapy.
3. Bite the mercury thermometer
Mercury cannot be absorbed through the intestinal tract, so swallowing mercury will not cause poisoning, and there is no need to lavage the stomach with activated carbon. Unless dogs or cats have intestinal blockage or intestinal fistulas, mercury will stay in the intestines for too long and react and cause poisoning. The most important thing to pay attention to is to remove the remaining mercury on the ground to prevent the airtight space from being blocked.Formation of mercury vapor poisoning.
4. Accidental consumption of camphor oil (camphor)
Camphor is used for insect repellent and medicinal purposes (such as carminative oil). If it floats in purified water, it will It is camphor. When poisoned, it suddenly develops within 5 to 20 minutes and is strongest within 90 minutes. Symptoms include vomiting, restlessness, trembling, convulsions, hallucinations, difficulty breathing, fainting, death, fatty degeneration, abnormal liver function, and melting of striated muscles. Symptoms include urinary retention, urinary incontinence, proteinuria, rapid heartbeat, dilated pupils, hazy vision and aspiration pneumonia.
Adjustment should avoid vomiting, gastric lavage can be given to activated charcoal, and anti-epileptic drugs should be given if necessary. And pay attention to the opportunity of antibiotics to regulate aspiration pneumonia. Other adjustments are mainly supportive therapies.
5. Accidental ingestion of paradichlorobenzene
An important ingredient in deodorants and anthelmintics is dichlorobenzene.
Symptoms of poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, mild liver function exceeding 10%, general weakness, decreased body weight, and relatively no hemolysis, jaundice and dehemoglobinemia.
During the treatment, you may induce vomiting, gastric lavage and activated charcoal, and other treatments are mainly supportive therapies.
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